(20) The word having ‘brother’, aha for the BT, have concurrently been augmented, although this form is additionally included in Turoyo. Hertevin features one another ?aha and ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), however, Mandaic only has aha (Macuch 1965, 495).
At exactly the same time, external www.datingranking.net/tr/alt-inceleme NENA, we have other conditions: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)
(21) You to definitely rather mystical item that is attested in all NENA languages except Sanandaj Religious (which most likely just a spin gap from the evidence) is actually aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) argues this particular word comes on means ql ‘to feel crooked’. The dialects make use of the setting aqla, except Koy Sanjaq aqla and you can Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.
(22) Other keyword discussed by Krotkoff (1985, 131-thirty-two, 134) is baxta ‘woman’, which has supplanted brand new Syriac atta throughout NENA, but not into the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. That it term seems to derive from Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It is interesting to see that an irregular plural endures into the multiple dialects: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you may Halabja inse.
(23) An urgent invention discussed from the Noldeke (1868, 59) are rxata, comparable to Syriac rhat. The alteration from h in order to x inside one word is found in all the NENA languages in which the verb are attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi r-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).
(24) Several other unforeseen creativity is the NENA verb ‘fear’, that takes brand new versions zda?good, zdaya, and you will zdala regarding individuals languages. Macuch and you will Panoussi (1974, 50) give a potential derivation from the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Models to the infixed d are located in most the new NENA dialects where in fact the supply try attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-fearing (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)
Not totally all of the pinpointing top features of NENA are located either in Turoyo otherwise Mandaic
I think your over will make it obvious your NENA languages display a wide range of distinctive attributes being discovered neither in the last attested kinds of Aramaic neither in the most other life style dialects. These features assortment over the domains out of phonology, morphology, plus the lexicon.
Specifically, all dialects of NENA agree in the criteria dos, 9, fourteen, 15, 16, 21, and you can 22. Most of the dialects where i have advice also acknowledge conditions 20, 23, and you can twenty-four.
Just about Halabja agree in requirements 8 and 11. Requirement six is found in the languages but Halabja, Hertevin, and you will Sanandaj Christian.
Despite the inner divisions, the latest NENA languages setting a stunningly coherent class, split up clearly of each other Turoyo and Mandaic. The position ones languages away from NENA soft is beyond question.
The amount that enjoys try mutual round the NENA is very impressive once we take into account the tremendous differences between the many languages. The latest dictate from other languages into NENA could have been each other strong and you will wider, plus the standard of common intelligibility ranging from dialects can be very brief. The many mutual innovations argue strongly to have a familiar source of the newest NENA dialects, either in just one dialect or in several directly associated dialects. Meanwhile, we could detect several important bundles out of isoglosses which portray the new borders of dialect communities.
a) The dialect off Halabja doesn’t share certain important designs hence are observed due to the remaining languages. It will not setting an excellent CCiC-ce preterite away from intransitive verbs (8), it has got no b(it)- coming marker (10), and contains zero third people singular copula that have step 1 (11). This really is the absolute most basic section between dialects away from NENA. It means your remaining dialects means a group by which designs give while you are Halabja remained unaffected from the them.