We used a logistic regression model to estimate the association between B12 and incident albuminuria in FHS participants, defined as UACR ?17 mg/g in men and ?25 mg/g in women at Offspring examination cycle 8 [2005–2008]. Participants with albuminuria at the baseline examination were excluded. c, smoking status, hypertension treatment and the presence of diabetes. We then further adjusted the model for baseline homocysteine levels. meetmindful Because there was no correspondence between B12 and homocysteine in the incident analyses, no stratified analysis was done.
We tested the association between B12 and incident RKF using a logistic regression model. The multivariable adjusted model included age, sex, baseline eGFR, diabetes, hypertension and dipstick proteinuria. This model was again adjusted for baseline homocysteine levels. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS, version 9.2 (Cary, North Carolina). A two-tailed p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
To reproduce our very own results, we constructed the same logistic regression models to check the newest mix-sectional connection between B12, albuminuria and you will RKF from inside the users out-of NHANES 2003–2004. Brand new habits was basically adjusted and you may stratified because explained significantly more than to own FHS. Analyses having NHANES 2003–2004 was did playing with SUDAAN ten.step 1 (Search Triangle Institute, Browse Triangle Park, NC) accounting because of it study’s cutting-edge sampling design, also uneven probabilities of solutions, over-testing, and you will low-effect. Sampling weights was indeed removed most of the NHANES 2003–2004 analyses to create estimates which can be user of national U.S population.
Baseline features
In total, 2,965 FHS participants were included in the study. Baseline B12 ranged from 50–1690 pg/ml. In total, 135 participants had B12 levels below 200 pg/ml. The characteristics of the participants, stratified by quartile of vitamin B12, are shown in Table 1. There was no difference in baseline eGFR, UACR or the prevalence of albuminuria across vitamin B12 quartiles. There was an inverse relationship between vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels across quartiles (p < 0.0001 for trend).
Plasma B12 was weakly correlated with HDLc (r = 0.06, p = 0.002) and BMI (r = ?0.08, p < 0.001). There was an expected negative correlation with plasma homocysteine levels (r = ?0.29, p < 0.001). There was no correlation between B12 levels and UACR or eGFR.
Cross-sectional analyses off B12 having albuminuria
In the cross-sectional age- and sex-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted models, there was no association between levels of B12 and prevalent albuminuria (Table 2) in FHS participants. However, after adjustment for homocysteine levels, higher B12 levels were associated with an increased risk of albuminuria (OR 1.44 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 1.10 – 1.87). There was no interaction between B12 and homocysteine (pinteraction = 0.63). When the participants were stratified by homocysteine levels, there was no association between B12 and albuminuria after full covariate adjustment (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.85 – 1.90) in participants with homocysteine levels < 9.08 ?mol/L. However, in participants with homocysteine above the median, higher B12 levels were associated with albuminuria (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.10 – 2.26).
Cross-sectional analyses of B12 which have RKF
In cross-sectional age- and sex-adjusted models and the multivariable model, there was no association between B12 and RKF (Table 2). After adjusting for homocysteine, there was an association between B12 and RKF (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.30 – 2.60). The association between B12 and RKF differed by level of homocysteine (pinteraction = 0.005). After stratifying by median homocysteine (9.08 ?mol/L), the relationship between B12 and RKF remained robust in participants with homocysteine ? 9.08 ?mol/L (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.44 – 3.26). However, at lower levels of homocysteine, there was no association between B12 and RKF (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.62 – 2.41).